ABSTRACT
Objective • To investigate whether intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide can improve the inflammatory state of allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice and provide new treatment options for AR. Methods • Eighteen BALB/c mice (SPF grade) were divided into three groups (control group, AR group and treatment group) by random number table method. The AR and treatment group were established through intraperitoneal injection of OVA and aluminum hydroxide (replaced by physiological saline in control group). And treatment group received intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide (replaced by physiological saline in control and AR groups). The changes in the numbers of sneezing and nose scratching of mice were observed after the intervention of liraglutide. The number of eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell proliferation and mucosal thickness in mice nasal mucosa were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the concentrations of OVA-specific IgE (OVA-sIgE), IL-4 and IL-5 in serum of mice. Results • In control group, there were rare eosinophils and goblet cell hyperplasia. In AR group, obvious goblet cell hyperplasia, significant eosinophil infiltration and thickening mucosal were observed. The number of eosinophil, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucosal thickness in AR group significantly increased compared with those in control group (all P<0.05). The numbers of nose scratching and sneezing in AR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05), and the above symptoms in treatment group were improved compared with AR group (both P<0.05). The serum concentrations of OVA-sIgE, IL-4 and IL-5 in AR group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05), and the above indicators in treatment group were lower than those in AR group (all P<0.05). Conclusion • Intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide can effectively improve the symptoms and inflammatory level of AR in mice, which may be a novel research direction in the treatment of AR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the newer antifungal agents micafungin and voriconazole for prophylaxis effects on the clinical outcomes.Methods We electronically searched the database of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Pubmed,EMbase,China Biology Medicine (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and relevant database articles (1996.01-2014.12).Comparative studies were carried out on proved fungal infections,mortality,and adverse effects.Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software.Results We found 1 564 records and 16 studies totaling 4 234patients included in analyses.Pooled comparisons of studies found that antifungal prophylaxis with the new agents did reduce the incidence of invasive fungal infections and transplant related mortality than fluconazole or itraconazole [OR =0.41 (0.21 ～ 0.80) and OR =0.40 (0.24 ～ 0.66),respectively,P ＜ 0.01].Voriconazole had higher rates of liver dysfunction,lower gastrointestinal side effects over fluconazole,and lower rates of nephrotoxic effects than amphotericin B.Voriconazole had significant decrease in adverse events requiring drug discontinuation compared to itraconazole [OR =0.43 (0.27 ～ 0.68),P ＜ 0.01].Conclusions This analysis indicated the 2 agents appear to be well tolerated with manageable side effects and beneficial in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection (IFI).
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo summarize the pathological features, methods of diagnosis and treatment of Mirizzi Syndrome to improve the outcomes of diagnosis and treatment.Methods Pre-operative and intraoperative data from 37 patients with Mirizzi Syndrome were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsFifteen of the 37 patients were diagnosed with Mirizze Syndrome definitely before operation, among whom 10 were given cholecystectomy.Another 11 patients were treated with cholecystectomy + common bile duct exploration + T tube drainage,9 with cholecystectomy + bile duct exploration and repair + T tube drainage.3 with hepatic ductjejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis; 4 with cholecystectomy under laparoscope among whom 1 patients received routine abdominal surgical after failure of microscopical cholecystectomy for severe adhesion.One patients experienced complication of biliary fistula.All the patients were cured and left hospital.Conclusion Type-B ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are major measures which can be comprehensively used for the diagnosis of Mirizzi Syndrome.Mirizzi Syndrome is heterogenous in the pathological features on which the surgical procedures should be based on.